上厕所时看到马桶里一抹鲜红、或手纸上带血；肛门口肿了一块、又痛又坠胀，坐立难安；严重时痔核还会脱出来、要用手推回去——这些多半是痔疮。它非常常见，尤其是久坐久站、爱吃辛辣、长期便秘、用力排便、以及孕产的人。中医不把痔疮只当「一块要割的肉」，而是看背后的体质：大肠湿热（便血鲜红、灼热肿痛）、气滞血瘀（肿痛硬结、血栓性外痔）、脾虚气陷（痔核脱出、乏力、反复）、血热肠燥（便秘、出血鲜红）。但有一件事必须先说清楚：便血不能一律当痔疮——这点关乎安全，稍后详谈。
A streak of bright red in the toilet bowl, or blood on the paper; a swollen lump at the anus that aches and bears down, making it hard to sit; in bad cases the pile prolapses and has to be pushed back — this is usually hemorrhoids. They are very common, especially with long sitting or standing, spicy food, chronic constipation, straining, and pregnancy or childbirth. TCM doesn't treat hemorrhoids as just "a lump to cut off" but looks at the constitution behind them: large-intestine damp-heat (bright-red bleeding, burning swelling), qi stagnation with blood stasis (a hard, painful lump, thrombosed pile), spleen deficiency with sinking qi (prolapse, fatigue, recurrence), blood-heat with dry bowels (constipation, bright-red bleeding). But one thing must be said first: rectal bleeding must never be assumed to be hemorrhoids — a safety point, covered below.
Satu calit merah dalam mangkuk tandas, atau darah pada tisu; satu ketulan bengkak di dubur yang sakit dan terasa turun; dalam kes teruk, buasir terkeluar dan perlu ditolak masuk — ini biasanya buasir. Ia sangat biasa, terutama dengan duduk atau berdiri lama, makanan pedas, sembelit kronik, meneran, dan kehamilan atau bersalin. TCM tidak menganggap buasir sekadar "ketulan untuk dipotong" tetapi melihat keadaan badan di sebaliknya. Tetapi satu perkara perlu dijelaskan dahulu: darah dalam najis tidak boleh terus dianggap buasir — satu perkara keselamatan, dibincang di bawah.
痔疮很常见，但「便血」不等于就是痔疮
Common, Yes — but "Bleeding" Doesn't Always Mean Piles
Biasa, Ya — Tetapi "Berdarah" Bukan Semestinya Buasir
痔疮的本质，是肛门直肠末端的静脉丛充血、扩张、脱垂，跟局部压力长期增高（久坐久蹲、便秘用力、怀孕）很有关系。它确实很常见，也大多可以调理。但正因为「便血、肛门不适」太常见，很多人一有血就自己认定是痔疮、拖着不查——这很危险：大肠癌、息肉、炎症性肠病，早期也可能只表现为便血或排便习惯改变。所以中医在调理痔疮之前，会先帮你分清「这是不是单纯痔疮」，该做肠镜排查的绝不含糊。安全永远排在前面。
Hemorrhoids are engorged, dilated, prolapsing veins at the end of the anal canal and rectum, closely tied to sustained local pressure (long sitting or squatting, straining with constipation, pregnancy). They are common and mostly manageable. But precisely because "bleeding and anal discomfort" is so common, many people assume any blood is piles and delay checking — which is dangerous: bowel cancer, polyps and inflammatory bowel disease can, in their early stages, also show only as bleeding or a change in bowel habit. So before treating hemorrhoids, TCM first helps sort whether it really is simple piles, and never hesitates to send you for a colonoscopy when warranted. Safety comes first.
Buasir ialah urat yang membengkak dan terkeluar di hujung salur dubur dan rektum, berkait rapat dengan tekanan tempatan berterusan (duduk atau mencangkung lama, meneran, kehamilan). Ia biasa dan kebanyakannya boleh diuruskan. Tetapi kerana "berdarah dan tak selesa dubur" terlalu biasa, ramai menganggap sebarang darah ialah buasir dan menangguh pemeriksaan — ini bahaya: kanser usus, polip dan penyakit radang usus, pada peringkat awal, juga boleh menunjukkan hanya darah atau perubahan tabiat buang air. Jadi sebelum merawat buasir, TCM membantu memastikan sama ada ia betul-betul buasir. Keselamatan didahulukan.
痔疮多数可保守调理，中医按体质清热利湿、凉血、益气升提，并从便秘、久坐等根源着手；但便血必须先排除大肠癌等严重问题，该肠镜、该手术就转西医／外科。
Most hemorrhoids can be managed conservatively — TCM by pattern clears damp-heat, cools the blood and lifts sinking qi, tackling roots like constipation and long sitting; but bleeding must first rule out bowel cancer and the like, and we refer for colonoscopy or surgery when needed.
Kebanyakan buasir boleh diuruskan secara konservatif — TCM ikut corak menjernihkan lembap-haba, menyejukkan darah dan mengangkat qi; tetapi darah mesti menyingkirkan kanser usus dahulu, dan kami merujuk untuk kolonoskopi atau pembedahan bila perlu.
中医看痔疮，常见这几型
The Common Patterns Behind It
Corak Biasa di Sebaliknya
对照看看你更接近哪一型——很多人是混合型，真正的辨证仍要医师面诊。
See which fits best — many people are a mix, and a proper diagnosis still needs a practitioner.
Lihat yang mana paling sesuai — ramai jenis campuran, dan diagnosis sebenar tetap perlukan pengamal.
便血色鲜、肛门灼热、肿痛、分泌物多、口干口苦，爱吃辣、喝酒的人多。方向是清热利湿、凉血，把下焦的湿热清一清。
Bright-red bleeding, a burning anus, swelling and pain, discharge, a dry bitter mouth — common with spicy food and alcohol. The direction is to clear damp-heat and cool the blood.
Darah merah terang, dubur panas, bengkak dan sakit, mulut kering pahit — biasa dengan makanan pedas dan alkohol. Arahnya menjernihkan lembap-haba dan menyejukkan darah.
肛门肿痛明显、摸到硬结、坐着更痛，常见于血栓性外痔急性发作。方向是行气活血、消肿止痛，把瘀和肿散开。
Marked swelling and pain, a hard lump you can feel, worse when sitting — common in an acute thrombosed external pile. The direction is to move qi and blood and reduce swelling and pain.
Bengkak dan sakit ketara, ketulan keras, lebih sakit bila duduk — biasa pada buasir luar bertrombus akut. Arahnya menggerakkan qi dan darah serta mengurangkan bengkak.
痔核反复脱出、要用手推回甚至推不回、便时出血色淡、气短乏力、面色差，久病或产后多。方向是益气健脾、升提固脱。
Piles that repeatedly prolapse and must be pushed back (or won't go back), paler bleeding, breathlessness, fatigue and a poor complexion — common when long-standing or postpartum. The direction is to boost qi, strengthen the spleen and lift what has sunk.
Buasir berulang kali terkeluar dan perlu ditolak masuk, darah lebih pucat, sesak nafas, letih dan muka pucat — biasa bila lama atau selepas bersalin. Arahnya menambah qi, menguatkan limpa dan mengangkat.
大便干结难解、便时出血鲜红、口干、心烦，常和长期便秘、上火互为因果。方向是凉血止血、润肠通便，先把大便通顺。
Hard, difficult stools with bright-red bleeding, a dry mouth and restlessness — often feeding off chronic constipation and "heat." The direction is to cool the blood, stop bleeding and moisten the bowels.
Najis keras dan sukar dengan darah merah terang, mulut kering dan resah — sering berkait sembelit kronik. Arahnya menyejukkan darah, menghentikan darah dan melembapkan usus.
安心中医怎么帮痔疮？
How An Xin TCM Helps Hemorrhoids
Bagaimana An Xin TCM Membantu Buasir
在排除了严重问题、确定是痔疮之后，中医的调理按你的类型来——该清热利湿的清、该凉血止血的凉、该益气升提的提，同时处理引起痔疮的便秘、湿热等根源。方向对了，好转常体现在便血减少、肿痛坠胀减轻、脱出改善、发作次数变少，坐得住、上厕所不再提心吊胆。
Once serious causes are ruled out and it's confirmed as hemorrhoids, TCM treats to your type — clearing damp-heat, cooling and stopping bleeding, or lifting sinking qi — while addressing the constipation and damp-heat that drive it. Done right, improvement often shows as less bleeding, milder swelling and bearing-down, better prolapse and fewer flare-ups — you can sit comfortably and stop dreading the toilet.
Setelah punca serius disingkirkan dan disahkan buasir, TCM merawat mengikut jenis anda — sambil menangani sembelit dan lembap-haba yang mendorongnya. Bila betul, perbaikan sering menunjukkan kurang berdarah, bengkak lebih ringan, terkeluar bertambah baik dan kurang serangan.
按辨证用科学中药（浓缩颗粒）：大肠湿热清热利湿、气滞血瘀行气活血、脾虚气陷益气升提、血热肠燥凉血润肠。剂量准、冲泡方便，目标是缓解便血肿痛、改善体质、减少反复。
Matched to the pattern with concentrated herbs (granules): clear damp-heat, move blood, lift sinking qi, or cool the blood and moisten the bowels. Precisely dosed and easy to make — to ease bleeding and swelling, improve the constitution and reduce recurrence.
Dipadan dengan corak menggunakan herba tumpat (granul) — untuk melegakan berdarah dan bengkak, memperbaiki keadaan badan dan mengurangkan berulang.
针灸作为辅助，取相关穴位帮助改善局部循环、缓解坠胀，并帮助调理便秘、恢复规律排便——便秘一顺，痔疮的压力来源就减轻。对脾虚气陷型的升提也有帮助。
Acupuncture, as support, uses relevant points to help local circulation, ease bearing-down, and address constipation and restore regular bowel movements — easing constipation reduces the pressure that drives piles. It also helps the "lift" for sinking-qi types.
Akupunktur, sebagai sokongan, membantu peredaran tempatan, melegakan rasa turun, dan menangani sembelit — melegakan sembelit mengurangkan tekanan yang mendorong buasir.
这部分最关键：高纤饮食＋多喝水（软化大便、不用力）；别久坐久蹲、别在马桶上滑手机太久；排便别硬憋也别硬用力；温水坐浴（发作时缓解肿痛很实用）；养成规律排便、有便意别忍；少辣少酒。孕产妇尤其注意。这些配合中药调理，痔疮才更不容易反复。医师会按你的情况给具体建议。
This matters most: a high-fibre diet plus plenty of water (soft stools, no straining); avoid long sitting or squatting and scrolling on the toilet; don't hold it in or strain hard; warm sitz baths (very useful for easing swelling in a flare); build regular bowel habits and don't ignore the urge; go easy on chilli and alcohol. Especially important in pregnancy. With herbal care, these make piles far less prone to return. The practitioner tailors advice to you.
Ini paling penting: diet tinggi serat dan banyak air (najis lembut, tanpa meneran); elak duduk atau mencangkung lama dan main telefon di tandas; jangan tahan atau meneran kuat; rendam air suam (sangat berguna semasa serangan); bina tabiat buang air tetap; kurangkan cili dan alkohol. Penting semasa hamil.
便血，绝不能一律当痔疮。痔疮出血多是排便时滴血或喷血、鲜红、附在大便表面或手纸上。但出现以下情况，请务必先看西医／肠胃科，必要时做肠镜排除大肠癌、息肉、炎症性肠病：血色暗红或混在大便里、黑便或柏油样便；排便习惯改变（腹泻便秘交替、次数增多）、大便变细；不明原因体重下降、持续腹痛、贫血（头晕、乏力、面色差）；年龄较大或有大肠癌家族史；出血量大或持续。另外，肛门剧痛伴硬块（血栓性外痔）、痔核脱出无法回纳、大量出血、发烧红肿化脓——请及时就医，可能需外科（结扎／微创／手术）处理。中医适合轻中度与保守调理，该手术就转外科，绝不硬留；孕产妇用药需经医师评估。中医与这些检查、治疗从不冲突。
Rectal bleeding must never be assumed to be hemorrhoids. Piles usually bleed bright red, dripping or spurting during a bowel movement, coating the stool surface or the paper. But please see a doctor or gastroenterologist first — with a colonoscopy to rule out bowel cancer, polyps and inflammatory bowel disease — if: the blood is dark or mixed into the stool, or black/tarry; there's a change in bowel habit (alternating diarrhoea and constipation, more frequent) or narrower stools; unexplained weight loss, ongoing abdominal pain or anaemia (dizziness, fatigue, pallor); older age or a family history of bowel cancer; or heavy or persistent bleeding. Also seek prompt care for severe anal pain with a hard lump (thrombosed pile), a prolapse that won't go back, heavy bleeding, or fever with redness and pus — surgery (banding/minimally invasive/operation) may be needed. TCM suits mild-to-moderate conservative care and refers to surgery when needed; medication in pregnancy needs a practitioner's assessment. TCM never conflicts with these.
Darah dalam najis tidak boleh terus dianggap buasir. Buasir biasanya berdarah merah terang semasa buang air. Tetapi sila jumpa doktor atau pakar gastro dahulu — dengan kolonoskopi untuk menyingkirkan kanser usus, polip dan penyakit radang usus — jika: darah gelap atau bercampur dalam najis, atau hitam; ada perubahan tabiat buang air atau najis lebih halus; susut berat, sakit perut berterusan atau anemia tanpa sebab; usia lebih tua atau sejarah keluarga kanser usus; atau darah banyak atau berterusan. Juga dapatkan rawatan segera untuk sakit dubur teruk dengan ketulan keras, buasir terkeluar yang tak boleh masuk, darah banyak, atau demam dengan nanah — pembedahan mungkin diperlukan. TCM sesuai untuk penjagaan ringan-sederhana dan merujuk untuk pembedahan bila perlu.
常见问题
Frequently Asked Questions
Soalan Lazim
痔疮看中医有用吗？Does TCM help with hemorrhoids?Adakah TCM membantu buasir?+
有帮助，尤其轻中度痔疮。中医按辨证调理——湿热下注、气虚下陷（脱垂）、瘀血阻络、肠燥便秘等，用清热利湿、凉血、补中益气升提、润肠通便等方向，配合高纤维饮食、多喝水、别久坐久蹲，帮助减轻便血、坠胀等不适、减少发作。目标是缓解症状、改善体质；严重的痔疮该看肛肠外科时我们会说，中医不替代必要的手术或结扎。
Yes, especially mild-to-moderate piles. TCM treats by pattern — large-intestine damp-heat, sinking qi (prolapse), blood stasis, blood-heat with dry bowels — clearing damp-heat, cooling the blood, lifting sunken qi and easing the bowels, alongside a high-fibre diet, more water and less prolonged sitting or squatting, to ease bleeding and heaviness and reduce flare-ups. The aim is symptom relief and a better constitution; for severe piles we will refer you to a colorectal surgeon — TCM does not replace necessary surgery or banding.
Ya, terutama buasir ringan-sederhana. TCM merawat mengikut corak — haba-lembap usus besar, qi tenggelam (prolaps), darah tersekat, darah-haba dengan usus kering — menjernihkan haba-lembap, menyejukkan darah, mengangkat qi dan melembutkan najis, seiring diet tinggi serat, lebih air dan kurang duduk lama. Matlamatnya kelegaan gejala; untuk buasir teruk kami akan rujuk pakar bedah kolorektal — TCM tidak menggantikan pembedahan atau pengikatan yang perlu.
中医怎么调理痔疮？分哪几型？How does TCM treat hemorrhoids? What are the patterns?Bagaimana TCM merawat buasir? Apakah coraknya?+
常见几型，方向不同：湿热下注（便血鲜红、肛门肿痛，多因辛辣饮酒久坐）清热利湿凉血；气虚下陷（痔核脱垂、坠胀、容易累，中气不足）补中益气、升提；瘀血阻络（肿块紫暗、刺痛）活血化瘀；肠燥便秘（大便干硬、排便费力）润肠通便。很多人是几型夹杂，也常与便秘、久坐、孕期有关。分清类型才知道该清、该补、该活血还是该润肠。
Several, each different: large-intestine damp-heat (bright-red bleeding, a swollen sore anus, often from spicy food, alcohol and long sitting) — clear damp-heat and cool the blood; sinking qi (prolapsing piles, heaviness, tiring easily, from weak central qi) — tonify and lift; blood stasis (dark, painful lumps) — move blood and resolve stasis; dry-bowel constipation (hard stools, straining) — moisten and ease the bowels. Many are a mix, often tied to constipation, long sitting or pregnancy.
Beberapa, setiap satu berbeza: haba-lembap usus besar (darah merah terang, dubur bengkak sakit, selalunya dari makanan pedas, alkohol dan duduk lama) — jernihkan haba-lembap dan sejukkan darah; qi tenggelam (buasir prolaps, berat, mudah letih) — kuatkan dan angkat; darah tersekat (ketulan gelap, sakit) — gerakkan darah; sembelit usus kering (najis keras, meneran) — lembutkan usus. Ramai jenis campuran, selalunya berkait sembelit, duduk lama atau kehamilan.
大便带血一定是痔疮吗？什么时候要做肠镜？Is rectal bleeding always hemorrhoids? When is a colonoscopy needed?Adakah najis berdarah sentiasa buasir? Bila perlu kolonoskopi?+
不一定！这点非常重要：便血最常见的原因确实是痔疮（多为鲜红色、附在大便表面或滴血），但便血也可能是大肠癌、息肉、肠炎等的信号，绝不能一律当痔疮。以下情况请务必尽快就医、做肠镜排查：便血颜色暗红或混在大便里、大便习惯改变（变细、腹泻便秘交替）、不明原因消瘦或贫血、腹痛、或年龄 40 岁以上。宁可查清楚，别拖。
Not always — and this matters a lot. The commonest cause of rectal bleeding is indeed piles (usually bright red, on the stool surface or dripping), but bleeding can also signal bowel cancer, polyps or colitis, so it must never simply be assumed to be piles. See a doctor promptly for a colonoscopy if: the blood is dark or mixed into the stool, your bowel habit changes (thinner stools, alternating diarrhoea and constipation), unexplained weight loss or anaemia, abdominal pain, or you are over 40. Better to check than to wait.
Tidak semestinya — dan ini amat penting. Punca paling biasa najis berdarah memang buasir (biasanya merah terang, di permukaan najis), tetapi pendarahan juga boleh menandakan kanser usus, polip atau kolitis, jadi jangan sekali-kali andaikan buasir sahaja. Jumpa doktor segera untuk kolonoskopi jika: darah gelap atau bercampur dalam najis, tabiat buang air berubah, susut berat atau anemia tanpa sebab, sakit perut, atau anda berumur lebih 40. Lebih baik periksa daripada tunggu.
痔疮平时怎么保养、避免发作？How can I care for hemorrhoids and avoid flare-ups?Bagaimana menjaga buasir dan mengelak ia berulang?+
几个方向很有帮助：多吃高纤维食物（蔬菜、水果、全谷），多喝水，保持大便通畅、别便秘；别久坐久站久蹲，定时起来活动；上厕所别玩手机、别久蹲久忍便、别过度用力努责；温水坐浴能缓解不适；规律运动、控制体重；少吃太辣、少喝酒。孕期痔疮很常见，产后多会改善。这些配合辨证调理，能让痔疮更不容易反复。
A few things help a lot: eat plenty of high-fibre foods (vegetables, fruit, whole grains), drink more water, and keep bowels moving to avoid constipation; don't sit, stand or squat for long — get up to move; don't scroll your phone on the toilet, hold it in, or strain hard; a warm sitz bath eases discomfort; exercise regularly and manage weight; go easy on very spicy food and alcohol. Piles are common in pregnancy and often improve after birth. With pattern-based care, these make flare-ups less likely.
Beberapa perkara sangat membantu: makan banyak makanan tinggi serat (sayur, buah, bijirin penuh), minum lebih air, dan pastikan usus lancar untuk elak sembelit; jangan duduk, berdiri atau mencangkung lama — bangun bergerak; jangan main telefon di tandas, tahan najis, atau meneran kuat; mandian duduk air suam meredakan; bersenam tetap dan kawal berat; kurangkan makanan pedas dan alkohol. Buasir biasa semasa hamil dan selalunya bertambah baik selepas bersalin.